Effect of second booster vaccination on clinical outcomes of Omicron-variant breakthrough infection: A propensity score matching cohort study

Peng，Denggao1; Yang，Liuqing2; Jin，Cheng3; Feng，Jiaqi2; Cao，Mengli2; Liu，Yingxia2

2024-01-15

10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23344

Heliyon   影响因子和分区

2405-8440

Objective: To further explore the effect of vaccination regimen and frequency on clinical outcomes of breakthrough infections caused by the Omicron variant, as well as the durability of vaccine effectiveness. Methods: A retrospective, propensity score matching, real-world cohort study was conducted. Vaccination frequency was categorized into regular vaccination, first booster, and second booster. Results: A total of 7428 cases were included, with 3910 (53 %) being male. The median age was 39 years. BA.2 than BA.5/5.2 infection presented with more pulmonary symptoms and fewer influenza-like symptoms. Among the 3516 cases of BA.5/5.2 breakthrough infections, patients who received the second booster than the first booster or regular vaccination had higher first IgM and IgG titers and first cycle thredhold values for N gene on admission, a lower percentage of fever, lower peak body temperatures, and a higher percentage of asymptomatic cases. Patients who received the first booster vaccinated with homologous mRNA or heterologous inactivated plus mRNA vaccines than homologous inactivated vaccines had higher first IgM and IgG titers, a higher percentage of asymptomatic cases, and a lower percentage of fever. Moreover, significantly different first IgG titers were observed among patients receiving the second booster vaccinated with any of the three regimens. There was no statistical difference between booster regimens of homologous mRNA vaccines and heterologous inactivated plus mRNA vaccines. Patients in Month 7- than Month 0–6 after the first booster had lower first IgM and IgG titers and first cycle thredhold values, a lower percentage of asymptomatic cases, and a higher percentage of fever; and a higher percentage of pneumonia after the second booster. Conclusions: Repeated booster vaccinations every six months, with priority given to heterologous mRNA vaccine booster regimens in countries previously primarily using inactivated vaccines, may provide protection for adult patients with Omicron-variant breakthrough infections and improve clinical outcomes.

antibody Booster vaccination Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Subvariant

SCI

英语

第一 ; 通讯

2-s2.0-85180101329

Scopus

1.Department of Emergency Medicine,Shenzhen Third People's Hospital,Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518112,China
2.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease,State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease,Shenzhen Third People's Hospital,Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518112,China
3.School of Public Health and Emergency Management,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China

Peng，Denggao,Yang，Liuqing,Jin，Cheng,et al. Effect of second booster vaccination on clinical outcomes of Omicron-variant breakthrough infection: A propensity score matching cohort study[J]. Heliyon,2024,10(1).

Peng，Denggao,Yang，Liuqing,Jin，Cheng,Feng，Jiaqi,Cao，Mengli,&Liu，Yingxia.(2024).Effect of second booster vaccination on clinical outcomes of Omicron-variant breakthrough infection: A propensity score matching cohort study.Heliyon,10(1).

Peng，Denggao,et al."Effect of second booster vaccination on clinical outcomes of Omicron-variant breakthrough infection: A propensity score matching cohort study".Heliyon 10.1(2024).