A comprehensive analysis of submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China

Zhang，Xiaolang1; Li，Hailong2; Wang，Xuejing3; Kuang，Xingxing2; Zhang，Yan4; Xiao，Kai2; Xu，Chao5

2024-04-01

10.1016/j.watres.2024.121320

Water Research   影响因子和分区

0043-1354

1879-2448

Groundwater discharge and associated nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China has attracted great attention, but most studies lacked high spatial resolution for the whole sea. As the largest semi-enclosed sea in China, the Bohai Sea is confronted with strong environmental pollution problems such as eutrophication induced by terrestrial nutrient inputs. However, the role of SGD has not been evaluated well for the whole Bohai Sea. In this study, stable isotopes (hydrogen and oxygen), radioactive isotope (Ra), salinity, and temperature were combined to trace the diluted seawater. Mass balances of Ra, oxygen isotope, and salinity were used to quantify SGD and nutrient fluxes to the Bohai Sea. The estimated submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) and SGD to the Bohai Sea were (6.0 ± 0.5) × 10 and (2.7 ± 1.6) × 10 m a, respectively. SFGD represents 10 % to 11 % of the total river discharge and SGD is about 2 to 8 folds of the total river discharge to the sea. Moreover, SGD derived dissolved nutrients to the Bohai Sea were (4.8 ± 4.0) × 10 mol a for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, (1.9 ± 1.7) × 10 mol a for dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and (6.7 ± 5.5) × 10 mol a for silicon. These nutrient inputs were about 10 to 20 folds of the total riverine inputs. Overall, this study underscores the importance of evaluating SGD to better understand the terrestrial imported nutrients in regional scale.

Bohai Sea Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes Nutrients Radium isotope Submarine groundwater discharge

SCI

英语

通讯

ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

2-s2.0-85185570759

Scopus

1.Department of Geosciences,Florida Atlantic University,Boca Raton,33431,United States
2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China
3.Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072,China
4.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences-Beijing,Beijing,100083,China
5.Department of Geosciences,Texas Tech University,79409,United States

Zhang，Xiaolang,Li，Hailong,Wang，Xuejing,et al. A comprehensive analysis of submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China[J]. Water Research,2024,253.

Zhang，Xiaolang.,Li，Hailong.,Wang，Xuejing.,Kuang，Xingxing.,Zhang，Yan.,...&Xu，Chao.(2024).A comprehensive analysis of submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China.Water Research,253.

Zhang，Xiaolang,et al."A comprehensive analysis of submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China".Water Research 253(2024).