深圳茅洲河流域浅层地下水水质现状评价及健康风险评估

EVALUATION OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISK IN MAOZHOU RIVER BASIN OF SHENZHEN

李晶晶

11649178

硕士

环境工程

张幼宽

2018-05-28

2018-07-09

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

茅洲河流域位于深圳市西北部。 2017年 9月和 12月针对深圳市茅洲河流域进行了浅层地下水调研。根据茅洲河流域 9月和 12月共 105组浅层地下水水质监测数据，利用 schoeller水化学分类法 、 Piper图 、 Gibbs图 、 相关性分析法 、 比例系数法分析了其地下水化学类型和形成机制。茅洲河流域地下水主要水化学类型为Na·Ca HCO3·Cl，地下水自然机制中硅酸盐风化作用占主导。本文综合主成分分析法，模糊综合法，灰色聚类法三种方法的水质结果进行相关性分析，选出与主成分分析法确定的水污染程度排名相关性显著且稳定的水质评价方法，这样 使得水质评价结果更加合理和具有说服性。水质评价方法相关性分析为本文的一个创新点 。 地下水采样点至少 48%为 Ⅴ 类 。 城镇居民区地下水氨氮严重超标，地下水受人为污染。根据Arcgis地统计插值模块中普通克里金法和反距离权重法对茅洲河流域地下水水质指标 TDS、总硬度以及主要污染因子进行空间分布插值和特征分析。流域 88.89% 监测点的地下水属于淡水，靠近入海口感潮段监测点咸水、淡水交互。空间分布东北部硬度等级为中等硬，西南部、沙井靠近入海口等地硬度等级主要是硬、非常硬。本文水质评价依据两种水质标准和相同参评指标得出的水质评价结果不同，此次调研采用的参评指标综合评价地下水水质时，依据标准 GB/T 14848-2017水质评价显示出的水质质量要好于依据标准 GB/T 14848-1993评价的水质质量。标准GB/T 14848-2017在某些指标的要求上比标准 GB/T 14848-1993有一定的放松。健康风险评估根据层次分析法和水质评价结果筛选出目标污染物，利用国际上常用的“四步法”评估模型合理评价流域地下水各年龄段的健康风险水平，这是关于流域人体健康较为全面的应用评价。茅洲河流域水质空间分布图，水质评价空间分布图和健康风险评估空间分布图等研究成果都会对以后深圳市茅洲河流域地下水资源保护、公共卫生和防污措施提供依据和指导。

Maozhou River Basin is located in the northwest of Shenzhen. In this study, shallow groundwater was investigated in September and December 2017 in Maozhou River Basin of Shenzhen City. According to the total 105 samples of shallow groundwater in September and December, hydrochemical types and formation mechanism are analyzed by means of hydrochemical classification methods, like Schoeller method, gibbs plots, correlation analysis and ionic ratios. Na·Ca HCO3·Cl is main hydrochemical types in Maozhou River Basin, Silicate weathering plays a dominant role in the natural mechanism of groundwater.In this paper, the results of principal component analysis, fuzzy synthesis and grey clustering are synthesised to analyze the correlation of water quality, and the evaluation method of water quality is selected, which has a significant correlation with the ranking of water pollution degree determined by principal component analysis. In this way, the results of water quality evaluation are more reasonable and persuasive. The correlation analysis of water quality evaluation method is an innovative point in this paper. At least 48% of groundwater sampling sites are grade V . The ground water ammonia nitrogen of urban residential area exceeds the standard seriously, groundwater is polluted by human activity.Based on the general Kriging method and the inverse distance weight method in the Arcgis geostatistical interpolation module, spatial distribution interpolation and characteristic analysis of groundwater quality index TDS, total hardness and main pollution factors in Maozhou River Basin were carried out. In the basin, 88.89% of the groundwater investigated belongs to fresh water, and the monitoring point near the tidal section near Maozhou river estuary is saltwater and freshwater interactive area. The hardness grade in the northeast of spatial distribution is medium hard, and in the southwest, the hardness grade of manhole near the entrance to the sea is mainly hard and very hard.The results of water quality evaluation in this paper are different according to two kinds of water quality standards and the same indexes. The water quality according to the standard GB/T 14848-2017 is better than that according to the standard GB/T 14848-1993. The standard GB/T 14848-2017 is more relaxed than the standard GB/T14848-1993 in some indexes.The health risk assessment is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the results of water quality evaluation to select the target pollutants. The health risk level of all ages of groundwater in the basin is reasonably evaluated by the "four step" evaluation model commonly used in the world. This is a comprehensive assessment of the human health of the river basin.The spatial distribution map of the water quality of Mazhou River Basin in Shenzhen, the spatial distribution map of water quality evaluation and the spatial distribution map of health risk assessment will provide the basis and guidance for the protection of groundwater resources, public health and antifouling measures in the Maozhou River Basin in Shenzhen.

地下水化学分析 浅层地下水水质评价 健康风险评估

hydrochemical analysis groundwater quality evaluation human health risk

中文

联合培养

哈尔滨工业大学

李晶晶. 深圳茅洲河流域浅层地下水水质现状评价及健康风险评估[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2018.