题名 | 淬火态铝铜合金应力作用下的微孔洞演变研究 |
其他题名 | THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE MICROPOROSITY EVOLUTION OF AS-QUENCHED Al-Cu ALLOY
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姓名 | |
学号 | 11649141
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学位类型 | 硕士
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学位专业 | 机械工程
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导师 | |
论文答辩日期 | 2018-06-08
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论文提交日期 | 2018-07-05
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学位授予单位 | 哈尔滨工业大学
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学位授予地点 | 深圳
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摘要 | 航天铝合金典型构件具有结构复杂、尺寸大、壁厚差异大等特点。近年开展的一体化制造方法,将多种复杂几何特征集成,通过低压铸造-淬火时效-机加工的工艺路径,减少了焊接、铆接等工序,其高效低成本的特点使得该技术在航天领域获得了广泛应用。然而铸造环节不可避免出现微孔洞、偏析等现象,已有研究表明,铸件中微小孔隙率对材料的力学性能有着不可忽略的影响。另一方面,微孔洞表征与作用机理的现有研究存在很大不足:将微孔洞形态简化为理想的球形或圆柱形,忽略了缩孔的复杂形貌;表征手段多采用二维平面观测 来定性描述,缺乏定量及三维表征;微孔洞形态假设为静态不变的,忽略了应力对其构型的演变作用。由于对铝合金铸造微孔洞特征的认识不足,其对力学行为的影响机理多采用经验型模型,依赖试验数据拟合。本文以应用广泛的航天铸造铝铜合金 ZL205A 作为对象,采用高精度密度仪与工业用计算机层析扫描技术开展研究。设计了不同工艺参数的低压铸造实验,探究了低压铸造工艺参数对实际铸件中微孔洞分布的影响,得出了铸件中孔隙率的“勺”形分布规律,并揭示了铸造凝固顺序对铸件中微孔洞分布的影响。为了探究应力应变状态的影响,采用相对密度表征材料的孔隙率,设计了合理的动态密度测量实验方案,定量测量了密度区间为 2.79 g/cm3~2.82 g/cm3 的 ZL205A 试样在拉压过程中密度的变化规律,建立了密度与材料应变之间的线性关系。通过三维孔洞形态对比,发现拉伸应力作用下,微孔洞存在三种演变形式:微孔洞扩张、微孔洞连通、微孔洞收缩,而微孔洞本身的体积、圆整度、姿态都与这些演变方式相互影响。体积段在 2×103μm3 和 104μm3 之间的微孔洞较易发生孔洞的连通;缩孔由于体积大、圆整度低,较易在拉伸状态下扩张出新的分支。通过比较不同初始孔隙率试样断裂后的微孔洞分布发现,微孔洞连通的持续发生会扩展成微细裂纹,可能成为材料断裂的裂纹源。 |
其他摘要 | The typical aerospace aluminium alloy structural parts have the features of structural complexity,large dimension and hugely varying wall thickness. The integrative manufacturing can combine various geometric features by employing low-pressure casting, quenching, aging and finally machining. Having high efficiency and low cost, it has been widely applied in aerospace engineering. However, the presence of microvoids, segregation and other defects can’t be avoided in the casting process. Research showed that small porosity ratio has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of casting.On the other hand, the existing research on microporosity did not provide a viable solution for the existing problems. Some researchers have ignored the intricate shapes of the contraction cavities, and their shapes were simplified as an ideal sphere or cylinder. Also, the characterization method was a 2D observation, which lacks quantitative characterization. Further, the microporosity was considered as a static shape, which ignored the effects of stress on its morphology evolution. Some researchers did not provide a comprehensive understanding on the features of casting microporosity in aluminum alloy, and only used the empirical model to describe the influence mechanism of microporosity on the mechanical behaviors. In this paper, the widely used aerospace Al-Cu alloy ZL205A was taken as experimental material, and the researches were carried out by using high precision densimeter and X-ray computed tomography. The different low-pressure casting processes were conducted to investigate the influence of casting technology parameters on microporosity distribution of casting part. The spoon-like distribution law of microporosity in casting part was concluded. The influence of solidification sequence on microporosity distribution was revealed. In order to investigate the effect of stress and strain on the porosity ratio, the porosity was characterized by the density of the asquenched Al-Cu-Mn alloy. The density measurement experiment was designed and the ZL205A samples with density ranging between 2.79 g/cm3 and 2.82 g/cm3 were tested to investigate the density variation patterns of tension and compression process. Finally, the linear relation of density and strain was established.This paper studied the morphological properties of the microporosity existing in as-quenched ZL205A by using the X-ray computed tomography. Meanwhile, the hypothesis that most of microporosity is caused by intercrystalline shrinkage was verified. The microporosity data of the stressed state (the strain is 6%) and unstressed state was characterized and compared. Hence it was concluded that the volumes of microporosity mainly ranged between 102 and 104μm3. The results showed that microporosity with different volumes level were uniformly distributed in the composite. The quantity of microporosity decreased exponentially as the volumes of microporosity increased. The pores with larger volume had smaller proportion when compared with total pore quantity, but it had a significant contribution on porosity ratio. The volume ratio of the microporosity was affected by the tensile stress to a certain extent, and the quantity of microporosity with a volume greater than 104μm3 increased obviously compared with the quantity of the microporosity under the unstressed state.By comparing the three-dimensional shapes of the micropores, it was found that there exist three kinds distinguished evolution modes of microporosity occurring when tensile stress affected the microporosity, microporosity expansion, coalescence or shrinkage. And the volume, sphericality and posture of the microporosity had a close relation with the evolution modes. When the volume was in the range of 2*103μm3~104μm3, the microporosity coalescence took place often. Since contraction cavities have the features of big size and low sphericality, the microporosity expansion took place easier under stressed state. With the developement of the microporosity coalescence, the microporosities evolved into microcrack, which will evolve into the crack source of material fracture. |
关键词 | |
其他关键词 | |
语种 | 中文
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培养类别 | 联合培养
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成果类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://sustech.caswiz.com/handle/2SGJ60CL/75374 |
专题 | 工学院_机械与能源工程系 |
作者单位 | 南方科技大学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 |
任珂. 淬火态铝铜合金应力作用下的微孔洞演变研究[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2018.
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