旋流条件下横向射流雾化特性研究

航空发动机的污染排放问题越来越受到重视，贫油预混预蒸发（Lean Premixed Prevaporized, LPP）燃烧技术被证明能有效降低污染物的排放。燃油垂直喷入横向气流的雾化方式因结构简单，且能快速实现燃油混合和蒸发，在LPP燃烧室中被大量采用。现有的研究主要集中于均匀来流下的横向射流雾化，但实际燃烧室旋流空气条件下的横向射流雾化研究尚且不足。本论文对加温、加压旋流条件横向射流的雾化特性开展研究，可支持低污染燃烧室的工程研制。

本研究针对旋流数（SN）为0.55和0.9的两种旋流器，通过马尔文激光粒度仪测量液滴粒径，平面米散射（PMie）技术测量油雾分布，采用试验设计（DOE）方法，获取了不同旋流强度下的多影响变量、多工况组合、加温加压的雾化特性数据。主要研究了进气压力、旋流器压降、进气温度、燃油流量、燃油温度等因素耦合空气旋流强度，对油雾索太尔平均粒径（SMD）和油雾锥角的影响规律。

试验结果表明，SMD受旋流器压降、旋流强度、进气压力影响较大，其中旋流器压降影响最大，压降增大时，SMD迅速减小。油雾锥角主要受旋流强度和油气比影响，其中旋流强度增大时，油雾锥角显著增大。根据试验结果可以推测，与均匀来流相比，有旋流及旋流增强可极大改善低工况下的雾化质量，显著增大所有工况下的油雾分布的范围。

对影响雾化过程的关键无量纲参数进行了分析，发现油雾SMD与气体韦伯数（We）强烈负相关，燃油射流雷诺数（Re）也对粒径产生了较大影响，而动量比（q）对粒径的影响极小。油雾锥角方面，Re数、q升高，油雾锥角有增大趋势，而We数的影响则可忽略不计。通过粒子群优化（PSO）算法，本研究建立了加温加压旋流条件下横向射流雾化SMD和油雾锥角的经验模型，可为燃烧室横向射流喷嘴设计提供指导。

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