水溶性萘基杂交分子管和内修饰分子笼的合成及分子识别

分子识别普遍存在于自然界中，是生命体内各种生物化学过程进行的 基础。在超分子化学领域，主客体识别及新型主体分子的设计与合成始终 是研究的核心和热点。新型主体分子的设计合成，不仅推动了超分子化学 理论知识的发展，也扩展了分子识别的应用范围。本论文主要包括以下两 方面的内容： 首先，利用偶联双萘骨架和桥联双萘骨架成功构筑了一类新的内修饰 大环—萘基杂交分子管，并在侧链上引入羧酸盐实现水溶衍生化。通过等 温量热滴定（ITC）、核磁滴定等方法对水溶萘基杂交分子管与 22 种亲水 极性分子之间的主客体相互作用进行了深入研究，结果发现，该水溶萘基 杂交分子管对多种亲水极性客体具有高效识别能力，其与苯基嘧啶衍生物 的键合常数达到10⁵ M^-1，展现了出色的键合能力。水溶萘基杂交分子管和 PEG-4M 形成的准轮烷结构能与多种过渡金属离子配位形成滑环水凝胶。 实验中，与反式酰胺萘相比，萘基杂交分子管能与更多种类的过渡金属离 子、分子量更低的 PEG 链交联形成水凝胶，且生成的水凝胶能维持更长的 时间，展现出更优越的成胶能力。制得的水凝胶具有良好的拉伸性能，最 长可拉伸到自身长度的 45倍以上。其次，利用活性羧酸酯和三苄胺三盐酸 盐在稀溶液中反应，成功在温和反应条件下实现了多氢键内修饰分子笼的 一步合成。在此基础上，通过等温量热滴定和核磁滴定研究了合成的两个 分子笼对阴离子客体的识别性质，结果显示，这两种内修饰分子笼对不同 空间构型的阴离子显示出很高的亲和力，键合常数最高可达10_⁷ M^-1。 综上所述，通过萘基杂交分子管及多氢键内修饰分子笼的设计与合成， 本论文不仅丰富了超分子化学的主体工具箱，而且为超分子主体的创新设 计与合成开辟了新的研究方向。

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