抑郁症、不健康睡眠和痴呆症发病的关联：一项基于UK Biobank的前瞻性研究

痴呆症是一种神经衰退性综合症，主要影响记忆、思维、行为和情感等功能。阿尔茨海默病是最常见的形式之一。全球痴呆症患病率不断上升，中国是受影响最严重的国家之一。痴呆症目前尚无明确的治愈方法，因此了解与痴呆症有关的潜在可改变的风险因素变得非常重要。

抑郁症是一种严重的心理健康问题，与不健康的睡眠密切相关。抑郁症和睡眠质量不佳可能增加患痴呆症的风险。既往研究大多只关注到了抑郁症或者不良睡眠的单独影响，对于两者是否存在相互作用以及整体对痴呆症的影响尚无明确定论。此外大多数的研究中抑郁症多采用自我报告的形式而非医院诊断，可能存在信息偏移。过去的对睡眠的研究也只局限于睡眠的时长或者是否失眠这一单一变量的研究，没有对睡眠质量好坏做一个整体性的评估。既往研究中也存在研究对象的样本量过小的问题。需要进一步研究抑郁症、不健康睡眠与痴呆症发病的关系。

本研究基于UK Biobank数据库，探讨抑郁症、不健康睡眠与痴呆症之间的关系及交互作用。结果显示，抑郁症与痴呆症存在正相关，长期抑郁可能是痴呆的危险因素之一。健康的睡眠可预防痴呆症，而不健康的睡眠则增加患痴呆症的风险。年龄对抑郁症和睡眠质量与痴呆症的关系具有修饰作用。此外，研究还发现糖尿病等因素与痴呆症发病相关。抑郁症与不健康睡眠之间未发现对痴呆症的交互作用。本研究为探究痴呆症的发病机制提供了新的视角，并为预防和干预痴呆症提供了重要的参考依据。

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