冷原子量子光学系统中的光电控制

结合激光冷却囚禁与量子光学实验技术的冷原子量子光学是物理学的一个前沿研究热点，在短短几十年内已在量子信息、量子计算、精密测量等领域取得显著成果。随着冷原子系统的复杂性增加以及对原子的操控精度的提高，实验中的光电控制技术也需要满足更高的要求。本文致力于开发一套用于冷原子量子光学实验研究的光电控制系统，以提高对冷原子的操控及其在量子信息等领域的应用。随着量子信息科学的发展，精确控制光场和磁场成为实现高效量子操作的必要条件。本论文通过设计和实验验证，提出了一系列具体光电控制和探测方案，包括高灵敏度光电探测器的研发、精准光场调制技术的实现以及磁场快速调控系统的优化。最后以冷原子的里德堡态激发及单光子制备实验作为例子，本论文展示了光电控制系统的整体设计方案。

论文首先针对光电探测技术进行设计及优化，成功开发了体积紧凑的一英寸光电探测器以及专门为Pound-Drever-Hall（PDH）激光锁频技术设计的高增益探测器。这些探测器充分考虑了实验平台的空间限制和冷原子实验对光信号探测的高精度及高灵敏度需求，不仅大幅提升了信号检测的效率和稳定性，也提高了平台的空间利用率。在光场控制方面，本论文设计的基于国产直接数字频率合成（Direct digital synthesis, DDS）芯片射频信号源，实现了对声光调制器和电光调制器的精确驱动，为激光的移频、调幅及精确开关等操作提供了强有力的技术支撑。同时，对于磁场控制则设计了高性能电流调控装置，该装置满足了对磁场快速关断及动态调制的需求，显著增强了冷原子实验的可控性和灵活性。

最后，通过时序控制将这些技术应用于实际的冷原子量子光学实验，所开发的光电控制技术在提升实验精度和重复性方面取得了显著效果。特别是在激发里德堡原子的前期准备实验中，这些技术极大地增强了对碱金属铷原子团的精确操控能力，为研究冷原子系综的原子间相互作用、光和原子相互作用提供了可靠的光电控制技术基础。

Cold atom quantum optics is a frontier research area in physics, which has achieved significant advances in quantum information, quantum computing, and precision measurements in just a few decades. As the complexity of cold atom systems increases and the precision of atom manipulation improves, the opto-electronic control techniques in experiments must also meet higher requirements. This thesis aims to develop a versatile control system for cold atom quantum optical experiments to enhance the manipulation of cold atoms for their application in quantum information and communication. With the development of quantum information science, precise control of optical and magnetic fields has become a necessary condition for efficient quantum operations. Through design and experimental verification, this thesis proposes a series of specific opto-electronic control and detection schemes, including developing high-sensitivity photodetectors, implementing precise optical field modulation techniques, and optimizing devices for rapid control of magnetic fields. Finally, using Rydberg state excitation of cold atoms and single-photon preparation experiments as examples, this thesis demonstrates the overall design of the developed opto-electronic control system.
 
This thesis first focuses on designing and optimizing photodetection technology, specifically developing compact photodetectors for optical spectroscopy, and high-gain detectors  for Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) laser locking. These detectors take into consideration the spatial limitations of the experimental platform and the high precision and sensitivity requirements of light signal detection in cold atom experiments, significantly improving the efficiency and stability of signal detection and increasing the platform's spatial utilization. In terms of optical field control, the paper designs a radio frequency signal source based on domestically produced Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) chips, achieving precise driving of acousto-optic modulators and electro-optic modulators, providing strong technical support for laser frequency shifting, amplitude modulation, and precise switching operations. Meanwhile, research on magnetic field control satisfies the demand for rapid shutdown and dynamic modulation of the magnetic field by designing high-performance current control devices, significantly enhancing the controllability and flexibility of cold atom experiments.
 
Finally, by applying these technologies to actual cold atom quantum optical experiments through timing control, the in-house developed opto-electronic control system has significantly improved experimental accuracy and repeatability. Particularly in the preliminary preparation experiments for exciting Rydberg atoms, the developed devices and the overall control system greatly enhance the ability to precisely prepare atomic ensembles of rubidium, providing a reliable opto-electronic infrastructure for studying the interaction between atoms in cold atomic gases , as well as the coherent interactions between light and atoms.

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