基于密集台阵的沉积盆地三维速度结构研究及其在华北廊坊地区的应用

       沉积盆地是地表发生构造沉降，接受沉积物填充的区域。准确刻画沉积盆地的三维速度结构对于防震减灾、强地面运动模拟、油气资源勘探、活动断层探测以及盆地构造演化历史研究等方面具有重要意义。华北盆地发育有巨厚的沉积层，蕴含着丰富的油气资源。盆地内人口密集，经济发达，分布着众多大型至特大型城市。相较于其他大型盆地，华北盆地构造活动强烈，地震活动十分频繁。因此，对该盆地开展精细的浅部速度结构成像具有重大的理论与实际意义。然而，沉积盆地的速度结构成像一直是地震学研究中的难点。

       密集台阵观测是刻画沉积盆地精细速度结构的重要手段，具有探测成本低、成像分辨率高等优点。本文基于在华北盆地廊坊地区布设的密集台阵，分别利用远震接收函数与背景噪声成像方法，探究该地区三维近地表速度结构。具体而言，本研究首先提取了研究区域的接收函数，挑选具有清晰沉积层转换波震相的数据进行叠加，通过对不同厚度的沉积层模型进行正演计算，建立了沉积层厚度与转换波到时之间的经验关系，在此基础上约束了区域沉积层的厚度分布。其次，我们使用修正的频率-贝塞尔变换提取了背景噪声基阶和高阶频散曲线，采用拟牛顿法反演多阶频散曲线得到台站下方一维速度结构，并通过插值得到区域的三维速度结构。我们的研究结果表明廊坊地区的沉积层厚度主要分布在 5∼7 km 之间，区域的横向速度结构显示，在近地表处，西北方向的速度较大（约 0.28 km/s），而东南方向的速度较小（约 0.25 km/s），分别对应城市和村庄所在地。然而，在深度 0.38∼1.95 km 范围内，速度沿断层两侧呈现明显差异，表现为西北侧的速度小于东南侧。这说明近地表处的速度结构与人类活动密切相关，而深部的速度结构则主要受控于区域活动断层的产状。最后，本研究尝试了接收函数与背景噪声频散曲线联合反演，获得了部分台站下方的精细速度结构。与背景噪声频散曲线单独反演结果相比，联合反演可以获得更为可靠的速度结构。

       本研究获得的华北廊坊地区精细沉积盆地三维近地表速度结构，对于深化理解华北沉积层构造演化历史以及地震灾害评估具有重要意义。

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