离-电型柔性温度、硬度传感器及其多模态触觉传感应用研究

柔性触觉传感技术在人机交互等新兴领域具有广阔的应用前景，同时，复杂多样的应用场景对柔性触觉传感器的性能提出了高灵敏度、高分辨率以及多模态等要求。离-电型柔性触觉传感器因其具有高信噪比、低功耗等特点而备受关注。目前，离-电型柔性触觉传感器的研究主要局限于压力传感模态的性能提升，单一化的研究不能满足日益发展的应用需求。本文主要从材料设计、结构设计以及算法设计方法出发，系统地研究了离-电型柔性触觉传感器的温度-硬度传感模态，开发了一种多模态离-电型柔性触觉传感阵列，并实现了离-电型柔性触觉传感器的智能化应用。主要研究内容和结果如下：
制备了一种聚离子弹性体材料，具有宽温度量程内的力学稳定性。将其作为活性层材料，构建了一种超灵敏离-电型柔性温度传感器，在宽量程内（–10~150 °C），实现了高灵敏度（高于已报道柔性温度传感器3~4 个数量级）和高分辨率（0.001 °C）。系统地阐述了离-电型温度传感器的传热-电容影响机制，为高性能离-电型温度传感器的设计提供了理论指导。实现了离-电型柔性温度传感器在呼吸健康检测和非接触式传感等领域的应用。
受手指硬度感知机理启发，制备了一种仿生手指结构的离-电型仿生硬度传感器。提出的位移-压力双参数控制物理接触模型，实现了接触过程中压力-位移等物理信息的获取；提出的多段位移采集数据方法，提高了硬度传感的信号特征丰富度。结合深度学习方法，构建了智能硬度传感系统，并实现了高准确率（>99%）的物体硬度分类应用。
基于智能硬度传感系统的研究基础，制造了一种便携式眼压检测仪，提出了通过眼球硬度识别实现眼压健康状态的检测原理，眼压健康状态检测实现了高达96%以上的准确率。该眼压检测仪具有低成本、高准确率和高重复性等优点，展现了离-电型触觉传感器在可穿戴医疗设备领域的应用价值。
结合温度传感器与硬度传感器的研究基础，制备了一种多模态离-电型柔性触觉传感阵列，利用单一活性层材料制备的传感阵列，实现了压力、温度、硬度、形状、材质等多种传感模态的集成，降低了多模态传感阵列的制备工艺难度。结合深度学习方法，实现了高准确率（>96%）的物体识别应用。

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