凝胶电解质的制备及其在水系锌离子电池中的应用

锂离子电池在能源转换和大规模储能领域占据主导地位，但其面临着众多挑战，包括锂资源的逐渐稀缺、有机电解质的易燃性以及生产过程的严格条件，这些问题都威胁到了锂离子电池的长期可持续发展，因此需要寻找新的储能技术。而水性电池因其固有的高安全性、良好的热稳定性和更强的循环性能而受到广泛关注，而水系锌离子电池因为生产效率高、生产成本低、制造过程简单、环境友好等优点而备受关注，被认为是大规模储能系统中最有前途的候选者之一。但是水系锌离子电池也存在枝晶生长、析氢反应和腐蚀等问题，锌负极循环稳定性是影响电池性能的关键。本文通过丙烯酰胺与2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸共聚制备一种新型单离子凝胶电解质，其通过提高Zn2+在凝胶电解质中的移动速度，进而提高凝胶的离子电导率和离子迁移数，促进Zn²⁺在锌负极表面的均匀沉积，其制备的对称电池在1mAcm^-2电流密度和1mAhcm-2的容量下稳定循环接近3000小时，Zn/I2全电池在循环1000圈后容量还保持有95.5%；本文还通过聚N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺（NMA）作为凝胶的第一网络，利用生物高分子海藻酸钠（SA）和Zn²⁺交联形成凝胶的第二网络，制备了一种新型的双网络凝胶电解质，可实现调控锌均匀沉积，抑制枝晶生长还有抑制NVO正极溶解，提高电池容量保持率的效果，其组装的Zn/Zn对称电池在1mAcm^-2电流密度和1mAhcm^-2的容量下可以稳定循环接1500小时以上，组装的Zn/NVO全电池在10Ag^-1的电流密度下循环2500圈，容量还保持有83%，为今后的水系锌离子电池电解质的研究提供了新的思路。

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