海上浮式风机非线性水动力-气动力耦合运动响应研究

发展海上风电是推进我国能源结构转型的重要举措之一，而浮式风机作为未来海上风电发展的主流趋势近年来已受到人们的广泛关注。浮式风机在运行时受到水动力、气动力、系泊力的耦合作用，运动响应十分复杂。如何准确有效的对浮式风机的运动响应进行预报已成为当前浮式风机研究中的一个重点和难点。本文旨在建立浮式风机时域耦合数值模型，深入研究浮式风机在非线性水动力-气动力耦合下的运动响应，从而为浮式风机的设计和运行提供一定的参考依据。

本文建立的时域耦合数值模型主要包括浮式风机气动力、水动力以及系泊力的耦合分析。在气动力分析中，基于非定常叶素动量理论以及相关修正模型，建立了用于分析浮式风机在运动下所受气动载荷的非定常气动数值模型。针对模型中出现的迭代发散以及迭代次数过多的情况，本研究提出了一种新的数值迭代方法，极大的提高了模型的收敛性。在水动力分析中，基于势流理论建立了能够考虑二阶波浪力的非线性水动数值模型。在系泊力分析中采用集中质量法计算浮式平台所受到的系泊载荷。

本文以OC3-Hywind 5 MW浮式风机系统为研究对象，研究了平台纵摇、纵荡运动的幅值、频率和初始相位差对于纵摇-纵荡耦合运动下浮式风机整体和局部气动特性的影响。在浮式风机耦合运动响应研究方面，研究了粘性阻尼、二阶波浪力和极端海况对于浮式风机在随机波浪下运动响应的影响。此外，本文也对浮式风机在风浪联合作用下的运动响应以及风机推力和功率变化的影响因素进行了研究。

本文的研究结果表明：纵摇和纵荡运动之间的初始相位差可以有效降低浮式风机在纵摇-纵荡耦合运动下气动推力和功率的波动幅度。二阶差频波浪力可以激发浮式风机的共振幅值，特别是在极端海况下，浮式风机将做大幅度的低频共振运动，此时的运动响应由二阶差频力所主导。在风浪联合作用下，浮式风机首先会发生大幅度偏离其初始平衡位置的低频共振运动，此时的运动响应由气动力所主导。在稳定平衡阶段，浮式风机将会做小幅度的周期性波频运动，此时的运动响应由水动力所主导。

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