用于波导耦合的衍射光栅制备及优化

增强现实显示作为一种穿戴式显示设备，是目前新型显示技术的热点。 光波导技术在增强现实显示领域展现出了巨大潜力。在光波导技术中，光 耦合元件决定了波导系统的性能。ᨀ高衍射效率和视场角是目前光学耦合 元件仍需解决的问题。因此开发具有高耦合效率的耦合元件，对于推动增 强现实技术的发展具有重要意义。本文从波导耦合光栅的角度出发，对光 聚合物光栅和偏振体全息光栅这两种波导耦合光栅进行了研究。 光聚合物光栅记录材料的性能直接影响了波导耦合效率和视场角的大 小，而传统的记录材料存在后处理工艺复杂、峰值衍射效率低等问题。本 文从光聚合的动力学原理出发，对已有的光聚合反应扩散模型进行分析。 在此基础上，对光栅形成过程中的暗反应这一特殊现象进行᧿述。实验研 究了一种具有高衍射效率的丙烯酸酯基光聚合物。通过优化曝光参数，样 品厚度以及后处理时间等工艺参数，基于该聚合物体系的光栅衍射效率可 达到 97.8%。 偏振体全息光栅由于其高衍射效率、大衍射角和宽响应带宽的优点受 到了广泛关注。然而其视场角仍然无法满足增强现实显示的需求。本文采 用时域有限差分法研究了偏振体全息光栅的耦合效率和响应带宽。在实验 过程中，优化了偏振体全息光栅的制备流程以及相关参数，制备了波长带 宽约为 50 nm，峰值衍射效率接近 100%的偏振体全息光栅。为了进一步扩 展偏振体全息光栅的波长带宽，本文ᨀ出了一种具有梯度渐变周期的偏振 体全息光栅设计方案。模拟结果表明，该方案能够显著增强光栅的波长响 应范围，最终得到的梯度渐变周期的偏振体全息光栅波长带宽为 135 nm， 远大于普通偏振体全息光栅的 50 nm 的波长带宽。

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