壳聚糖水处理分离膜的绿色制备和成膜机理表征

环境友好型天然高分子壳聚糖分离膜的绿色制备和性能优化对膜技术的可 持续发展具有重要意义。针对当前壳聚糖膜在水处理领域中分离性能差及制备过 程难以满足绿色环保的现状，本研究致力于探索采用相分离法制备壳聚糖膜，通 过调控凝固浴条件和铸膜液添加剂对壳聚糖膜成膜动力学过程和分离性能的影 响，为优化壳聚糖水处理分离膜的性能提供理论依据和可行方法。

本研究通过调控凝固浴条件，探索了纯水凝固浴中乙醇含量及乙醇凝固浴温 度对壳聚糖膜分离性能和次级结构的影响，并利用基于光学相干断层成像技术 （optical coherence tomography, OCT）对壳聚糖膜的成膜过程进行了原位表征。发 现凝固浴中乙醇的存在有利于溶剂/非溶剂的非平衡交换，使得凝胶膜显著收缩、 结构更加致密；凝固浴温度降低有利于增强Liesegang现象，使膜内部形成曲折 度较低的分层结构，将膜的纯水渗透率提升5倍。针对常规膜分离性能测试和膜 表征难以阐释以甘油和木糖醇为代表的多元醇添加剂提升壳聚糖膜分离性能的 难题，采用基于OCT的示踪剂法表征了壳聚糖膜的内部结构，发现铸膜液中添 加甘油和木糖醇的壳聚糖膜表面更为疏松，且膜内部的连通度较高，从而分别获 得相较无添加剂壳聚糖膜约1.4倍和2倍的纯水渗透率；揭示了甘油和木糖醇的 引入减缓了壳聚糖膜内更深层处的凝胶抑制剂去除，降低了成膜速率。本研究还 通过调控纯水凝固浴中木糖醇的含量，验证了多元醇的添加可同时影响成膜过程 的溶剂/非溶剂交换以及凝胶抑制剂的去除。本研究为通过调控凝固浴条件和使 用铸膜液添加剂优化壳聚糖水处理膜的分离性能提供了重要参考。

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