南方科技大学知识苑(SUSTech KC): 基于大涡模拟的风力机和风电场尾流特性研究

题名	基于大涡模拟的风力机和风电场尾流特性研究
其他题名	STUDY ON WAKE CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND TURBINES AND WIND FARMS BASED ON LARGE EDDY SIMULATION
姓名	吕成豪
姓名拼音	LYU Chenghao
学号	12132409
学位类型	硕士
学位专业	0801 力学
学科门类/专业学位类别	08 工学
导师	王建春
导师单位	力学与航空航天工程系
论文答辩日期	2024-05-14
论文提交日期	2024-06-27
学位授予单位	南方科技大学
学位授予地点	深圳
摘要	随着全球能源危机和气候挑战问题愈发严重，作为新型清洁能源之一的风能越来越被世界能源研究领域所关注。风电场的最理想选址地形是平坦开阔的地形，如陆上平原和海上，但随着风电行业的快速发展和人类对风能利用的需求，已经有越来越多的风电场建立在复杂地形上，且复杂地形会显著改变流动的湍流特性，从而对风力机的性能造成严重影响。因此，准确分析和评估平坦地形上和复杂地形上风力机和风电场的尾流特性，将为风电场的布局和选址提供依据，为提高风电场的功率提供指导。本文使用大涡模拟方法，研究了平坦地形和二维丘陵地形对风力机和风电场的尾流特性的影响。本文基于 OpenFOAM 开源平台，使用了数字滤波法来生成大气边界层湍流入流，同时使用了致动盘模型模拟风力机的转子。本文发现，在二维丘陵背风侧形成的具有明显流动分离效应的回流区将显著影响湍流风场的平均速度和湍流特性，但其也会被位于二维丘陵山顶上的风力机的尾流所抑制。风力机在二维丘陵山顶处相比于平坦地形上可以通过二维丘陵地形的加速效应获得更高的发电量，但其亏损的尾流速度恢复较慢，其尾流中心也会向下发生偏移，从而对二维丘陵下游的风力机造成显著影响。二维丘陵地形可以对风电场，特别是风电场中位于二维丘陵下游的风力机造成强烈的影响，从而影响风电场的整体发电功率。同时本文还探究了平坦地形和二维丘陵地形上方形排列、水平错列排布和垂直错列排布三种不同的布局设计方案对风电场的影响。结果发现，无论是在平坦地形上还是二维丘陵地形上，水平错列排布方式和垂直错列排布方式都可以有效提高风电场中下游风力机的功率，增加风电场的发电量。水平错列排布方式对提升平坦地形上风电场和二维丘陵山顶上风电场的性能最为有效，使用垂直错列排布方式时建议垂直错列高度差在 0.5 倍的风力机转子直径以上会对提升风电场的性能有明显的效果。
其他摘要	As the global energy crisis and climate challenge become more serious, wind energy, as one of the new clean energy, has been paid more attention by the international energy research field. Ideally, wind farms are situated in flat and open terrains, such as land plains and offshore areas. However, due to the rapid growth of the wind power industry and the escalating demand for wind energy utilization, an increasing number of wind farms are now being established in complex terrains. These complex terrains significantly alter the turbulence characteristics of airflows, which in turn has a severe impact on the performance of wind turbines. Therefore, accurately analyzing and evaluating the wake characteristics of wind turbines and wind farms in both flat and complex terrains is crucial for informing the layout and location selection of wind farms, ultimately guiding efforts to enhance their power generation capacity Using the large eddy simulation method, this study explored the impact of flat terrain and two-dimensional hilly terrain on the wake characteristics of wind turbines and wind farms. Based on the OpenFOAM open-source platform, digital filter method were employed to generate turbulent inflow simulating atmospheric boundary layer conditions, while the actuator disk model was utilized to mimic the wind turbine rotors.Our findings reveal that the recirculation zone formed on the lee side of the two-dimensional hill, exhibiting significant flow separation effects, has a notable influence on the mean velocity and turbulence characteristics of the wind field. However, this effect is mitigated by the wake of wind turbines situated on the summits of two-dimensional hill. Compared to flat terrain, turbines positioned on the tops of two-dimensional hill can harness higher power generation due to the acceleration effect of the hilly terrain. However, the recovery of their wake velocity is slower, and the wake center also experiences a downward shift, significantly impacting the performance of wind turbines located downstream in the two-dimensional hill. This two-dimensional hilly terrain can have a substantial impact on wind farms, particularly turbines positioned downstream, thereby affecting the overall power generation capacity of the wind farm. Furthermore, this study also examined the impact of three different layout designs on wind farms: square arrangement, horizontally staggered arrangement, and vertically staggered arrangement, on both flat and two-dimensional hilly terrains. The results indicate that both horizontally and vertically staggered arrangements can effectively enhance the power output of turbines located in the downstream areas of wind farms, thereby increasing the overall electricity generation capacity, regardless of whether the turbines are situated on flat or hilly terrains.The horizontal staggered arrangement is most effective in enhancing the performance of wind farms on flat terrains and those located on the tops of two-dimensional hilly terrains. When adopting a vertical staggered arrangement, it is recommended to maintain a vertical stagger height difference of at least 0.5 times the rotor diameter of the wind turbine, as this can significantly improve the performance of the wind farm.
关键词	大涡模拟数字滤波法风力机风电场尾流
其他关键词	Large Eddy Simulation Digital Filter Method Wind Turbines Wind Farms Wake
语种	中文
培养类别	独立培养
入学年份	2021
学位授予年份	2024-07
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所在学位评定分委会	力学
国内图书分类号	O357.5
来源库	人工提交
成果类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://sustech.caswiz.com/handle/2SGJ60CL/766170
专题	工学院_力学与航空航天工程系
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吕成豪. 基于大涡模拟的风力机和风电场尾流特性研究[D]. 深圳. 南方科技大学,2024.

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