下扬子及邻区三维高分辨率岩石圈结构双平面波成像研究

下扬子及其邻区位于多个构造单元的交汇处，经历了长期复杂的地质活动，具有独特、高度改造的岩石圈。刻画该区域精细的岩石圈结构是理解其形成和演化的关键，然而，该区域缺乏天然地震研究，尤其是深部资料。前人的相关研究往往专注于大尺度的区域，而下扬子地区通常位于这些研究区域的边缘，结果可用性不高。由于缺乏高分辨率地球物理数据集，研究区域的岩石圈结构缺乏精细可靠的成像结果，关于其形成和随后的演化过程存在争议。研究下扬子及其邻区的岩石圈和上地幔的结构特征有助于理解该地区晚中生代以来普遍存在的岩石圈减薄现象，剧烈的岩浆活动，以及与之相关的深部动力学机制。此外，研究区域涵盖了江浙沪等沿海重要经济城市，使本研究具有重要的经济意义。本文利用南方科技大学在上海周围布设的密集台阵记录的地震数据，结合研究区域其他单位通过固定地震台和流动地震台收集的资料。利用远震双平面波层析成像技术得到了 20 到 143 秒周期的 Rayleigh 波相速度频散曲线，同时结合了背景噪声的 8 到 30 秒短周期频散曲线，通过剪切波反演建立了下扬子及其邻区精细的岩石圈三维速度结构。
高分辨率的速度图像揭示了更多细节。下扬子岩石圈整体较薄，剪切波速较低，与华北克拉通东部的岩石圈速度结构相似。江南断裂及苏北地区岩石圈最薄，推测是岩石圈拆沉导致的薄弱带。在江南断裂两侧观测到岩浆上涌中心，沿着深断裂向苏北盆地汇聚，并侵蚀了底部岩石圈。
本文认为，下扬子岩石圈的破坏和减薄与华北克拉通东部经历了相同的地质演化，岩石圈改造可能是由太平洋板块深部俯冲及其诱导的其他机制所影响。太平洋板块平面俯冲的力学效应可能导致岩石圈整体变薄，江南断裂带减薄程度最大，可能发生过岩石圈拆沉。此后，太平洋板块后撤，在岩石圈的伸展背景下发育了苏北盆地等断陷盆地。俯冲作用重新激活了一些古老的、岩石圈尺度的缝合线或断裂带。拆沉的岩石圈掉落到软流圈，导致热地幔上涌，同时滞留板块脱水加剧了这一过程。部分熔融地幔在伸展断层系统下，受到岩石圈形态差异影响，沿着薄弱带向上迁移，影响了地表地貌，也为下扬子广泛的岩浆岩和多金属矿床的形成提供了有利条件。

The Lower Yangtze and its surrounding regions are situated at the convergence of multiple tectonic units, undergoing prolonged and intricate geological processes, resulting in a distinct and extensively modified lithosphere. Characterizing the detailed lithospheric structure of this area is key to unraveling its formation and evolution. However, there is a scarcity of natural earthquake studies conducted in this region, with previous research often focusing on broader scales and the lack of deep data. Previous studies often focused on large-scale areas, and the Lower Yangtze region is usually located at the edge of these large-scale areas, which lead to less availability. The absence of high-resolution geophys-ical datasets has hindered the precise and reliable imaging of the lithospheric structure in this region, prompting significant interest among researchers in unraveling its formation and subsequent evolution. Investigating the formation and evolution mechanisms of the lithosphere and upper mantle can provide insights into the deep dynamic processes since the Cenozoic. Moreover, the Lower Yangtze and its neighboring areas encompass vital economic cities along the Jiangsu and Zhejiang, underscoring the economic importance of such studies.
This study utilizes seismic data recorded by a dense array deployed by Southern Uni-versity of Science and Technology around Shanghai, as well as data from fixed and mobile seismic stations in the study area. By employing teleseismic two-plane wave tomography, the research obtained Rayleigh wave dispersion curves ranging from 20 to 143 seconds. These curves, combined with short-period 8 to 30-second dispersion curves of ambient noise tomography, were inverted to develop a detailed three-dimensional shear velocity model of the lithosphere in the Lower Yangtze region and its neighboring areas. High-resolution velocity images reveal more details, showing that the Lower Yangtze lithosphere is overall thinner with lower shear wave speeds, resembling the velocity struc-ture of the lithosphere in the eastern North China Craton. The Jiangnan fault and the northern Jiangsu area have the thinnest lithosphere, which is speculated to be a weak zone caused by lithosphere delamination. Two Magma upwelling centers are clearly visible on either side of the Jiangnan fault, converging woward the Subei Basin along the deep fault and causing erosion of the lithosphere.
This study suggests that the destruction and thinning of the Lower Yangtze lithosphere underwent similar geological evolution as that of the eastern North China Craton. The modification of the lithosphere may have been influenced by the deep subduction of the Pacific plate and other mechanisms induced by it. The mechanical impact of the Pa-cific subduction may cause the overall thinning of the lithosphere, with the greatest degree of thinning near the Jiangnan fault zone, where delamination of the lithosphere may have occurred. As the Pacific Plate retreated, rift basins such as the Subei Basin formed due to lithospheric extension. Subduction has reactivated ancient, lithospheric-scale sutures or fault zones. Delamination of the lithosphere leads to an upwelling of hot material in the asthenosphere, while dehydration of stagnant plates further intensifies this phenomenon. Within the extensional fault system, molten mantle material is influenced by variations in lithospheric structure and moves upwards along weak zones, impacting surface landforms and creating conditions conducive to the development of abundant magmatic rocks and polymetallic deposits in the Lower Yangtze region.

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