锂离子电池负极材料卤硫化铋的电化学性能及机理探究

社会的迅速发展伴随着对能源需求量的高速增长，全球在光能、电能 等绿色新能源的应用占比越来越大。但新能源存在时空分布不均的问题， 储能为“削峰填谷”提供了较为理想的解决方案。锂离子电池的高能量密 度、低自放电率等优点被认为是理想的储能解决方案。近年来，锂离子电 池已被广泛运用在诸多领域中。其中无人机、手机等领域有小巧、轻便的 空间限制，但对续航能力也有较高的需求，因此需要寻找一种高体积比容 量的电极材料。卤代铋硫化物(BiSX，X=Cl、Br、I)超高的体积比容量满足 了这一需求，因此本论文采用较为简易的方法制备了BiSX材料，并对他们 的电化学性能和机理做了探究，论文的主要内容和结论为： (1) 采用一步水热合成法成功制备了棒状形貌的 BiSCl 材料，其作为锂 离子电池负极材料有着优于 Bi2S3电池的电化学性能。PPy膜包覆改性后展 现出了超高的循环稳定性，且具有较高的离子扩散速率和较低的电阻特性。 同时对其做机理分析，发现 BiSCl 材料反应过程包含一步转化反应和两步 合金化反应，Cl元素主要通过形成LiCl来参与储锂。 (2) 采用两步水热合成法制备了棒状形貌的 BiSBr 材料，作为锂离子电 池负极材料，无包覆的 BiSBr 材料展现出了超高的初始比容量和倍率性能， 通过动力学特性分析和反应机理分析解释了 BiSBr 性能好的原因。同时通 过PPy膜包覆改性也获得了超高的循环稳定性。 (3) 采用水热合成法制备了 BiSI 材料，将其装配成电池后循环性能较 差。而PPy包覆改性探究过程中发现PPy膜与BiSI材料表面的相容性差， 通过表面酸洗改变 BiSI 的表面能能够增强 PPy膜的附着力，成功包覆上较 厚的PPy层，然而循环稳定性基本无改善。通过对比BiSCl、BiSBr系列材 料，发现较大原子半径的I元素是导致电池性能差的主要原因。

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