基于 n 型聚合物电子传输材料的钙钛矿 太阳能电池研究

钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转化效率在短短 15 年内从 3.8%提升至 26.21%。与正式太阳能电池器件相比， 反式器件因其低温可加工性和可制备柔性器件而受到广泛关注。 在反式器件中， 电子传输层对器件性能起重要作用，但常用的电子层 PCBM 价格高， 从而增加了器件成本，且稳定性差。为解决该问题， 本文通过研究杂原子效应， 将两组成本低廉、 化学合成简单的 n型聚合物替代传统的 PCBM 用于反式器件，并详细探究了这些聚合物的性质及其在器件中的性能。

结果表明， 聚合物 Y5-TVTCN 与 Y5-SVSCN 由于结构相近，具有相似的前线轨道能级和吸光性。基于 Y5-SVSCN 电子层的器件展现了更高的能量转化效率，更少的非辐射复合及良好的长期稳定性。 与 PCBM 相比，基于聚合物电子层的器件效率更低， 这主要是因为 Y5-TVTCN 和 Y5-SVSCN中载流子非辐射复合严重， 降低了短路电流密度。

聚合物 DCNBT-IDT 与 DCNSe-IDT 相比，前者与钙钛矿吸光层能级匹配更好， 后者则因为能级不匹配存在严重的载流子复合。 应用于反式器件后， 与 PCBM 相比， 基于 DCNBT-IDT 电子层的器件取得了 21.83%的效率，性能提升主要受益于载流子的非辐射复合的更少。此外，基于 DCNBT-IDT的器件在 500 h 的稳定性测试中仍然保持 89%的初始效率。 这一研究结果为钙钛矿太阳能电池中 n 型聚合物电子传输材料的发展提供了重要参考。
 

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