Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China

Yan，Xiaolong1; Zhao，Xin2; Du，Yin2; Wang，Hao1; Liu，Li1; Wang，Qi1; Liu，Jianhua2; Wei，Sheng1,3

2024-08-01

10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107075

International Journal of Infectious Diseases   影响因子和分区

1201-9712

1878-3511

Objectives: To assess the dynamics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and their efficacy against COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal serological analysis of 852 breakthrough COVID-19 infections among the community-based population in Yichang, China. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured by chemiluminescence at approximately 3, 4, and 9 months after infection. A linear mixed model predicted IgG antibody decline over 18 months. The effectiveness of antibodies in preventing symptomatic and severe infections was determined using an existing meta-regression model. Results: IgG antibodies slowly declined after breakthrough infections. Initially high at around 3 months (339.44 AU/mL, IQR: 262.78-382.95 AU/mL), levels remained significant at 9 months (297.74 AU/mL, IQR: 213.22-360.62 AU/mL). The elderly (≥60 years) had lower antibody levels compared to the young (<20 years) (P < 0.001). The protective efficacy of antibodies against symptomatic and severe infections was lower in the elderly (≥60 years) (78.34% and 86.33%) compared to the young (<20 years) (96.56% and 98.75%) after 1 year. Conclusion: The study indicated a slow decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, maintaining considerable efficacy for over 1 year. However, lower levels in the elderly suggest reduced protective effects, underscoring the need for age-specific vaccination strategies.

Antibody response Breakthrough infections IgG Protective efficacy SARS-CoV-2

SCI

英语

通讯

IMMUNOLOGY

2-s2.0-85194135722

Scopus

1.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China
2.Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yichang,Hubei,China
3.School of Public Health and Emergency Management,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China

Yan，Xiaolong,Zhao，Xin,Du，Yin,et al. Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China[J]. International Journal of Infectious Diseases,2024,145.

Yan，Xiaolong.,Zhao，Xin.,Du，Yin.,Wang，Hao.,Liu，Li.,...&Wei，Sheng.(2024).Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China.International Journal of Infectious Diseases,145.

Yan，Xiaolong,et al."Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China".International Journal of Infectious Diseases 145(2024).