Savonius型风力发电机的充气结构实现及气动性能研究

面对日益严重的温室效应问题，风力发电作为一种清洁和可持续的能源解决方案受到了广泛关注。然而，由硬质材料制作而成的传统风力发电机存在危险系数高、体积庞大以及拆装过程复杂等问题，限制了其在许多场景中的应用。为此，本文对Savonius型风力发电机进行充气结构实现，并对其空气动力学性能进行研究。本文的主要研究内容和结论如下：
本文使用Marvelous Designer软件作为充气式Savonius型风力发电机（inflatable Savonius wind turbine, ISWT）的充气结构设计平台，并提出了结合高频焊接和缝纫技术的双层制作工艺。在力学性能测试中，使用双层制作工艺制作出来的样品表现出良好的结构强度和气密性。
本文为ISWT构建二维模型，并在ANSYS Fluent软件中对ISWT模型进行数值计算。在预设的参数范围内，本文成功筛选出了具有最佳几何参数的ISWT模型，其叶片厚度为70mm，叶片圆弧角度为120°，该模型在尖速比为0.7时具有最大功率系数，数值为0.1912。根据仿真结果，深入分析了流场中的流动特性，并探讨了叶片厚度和叶片圆弧角度对ISWT性能的影响机制，从而为未来进一步优化ISWT的几何参数提供理论基础。
本文基于上述最优模型进行ISWT实物的制作，并搭建了用于开放式风洞实验的测试平台。由于充气形变，第一个ISWT实物的实际叶片圆弧角度仅为89.7°。因此本文对布料版图进行调整，从而使得第二个ISWT实物的实际叶片圆弧角度近似120°。ISWT实物能够在短时间内完成充气和放气，并且在压缩折叠后只占用很小的空间。这使得ISWT在多种应用场景中具有快速部署和回收的能力，并展示出了便捷的运输和储存特性。
本文对两个ISWT实物进行风洞实验，并对实验数据与仿真结果进行比较分析。在静态实验中，第二个实物在大部分旋转角度范围中具有更出色的自启动能力。同时，在动态实验中，尽管性能数据总体低于数值仿真，但ISWT实物与模型的功率系数曲线具有相似的形状，从而验证了数值仿真结果的准确性，也说明具有最佳几何参数的ISWT实物在现实物理环境中同样在尖速比为0.7时达到最大功率系数，其数值为0.1486。

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