From Lab to Science Museum: Research on and Exhibition Design of Electrolyte Additives for Lithium-ion Batteries

As global demand for clean energy continues to grow, lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a core technology for energy storage, garnering significant attention for performance optimization and promising future innovation potential. The development of additives plays a crucial role in enhancing battery performance, as even small amounts of additives may have a significant impact on one or more aspects of lithium-ion battery performance while barely affecting the viscosity and ion conductivity of the electrolyte. This study presents a cross-disciplinary research project with two parts, with the first part focusing on the development of new additives for lithium-ion batteries and the second part addressing the communication and innovative presentation of research findings to support science literacy and future innovation potential.

In the experimental research nickel cobalt manganese/silicon carbon (NCM/SiC) pouch cells, by comparing various additives, the results showed that difluoroethylene car bonate (DFEC), as a high-repair type electrolyte additive, exhibited significant advantages in cycle stability when added at a concentration of 3 wt%, surpassing those of traditional fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). At room temperature (25℃) cycling tests, even after 608 cycles, the battery capacity with DFEC additive remains above 80%, with the generated solid electrolyte interface (SEI) membrane being dense and smooth, effectively reducing electrode corrosion and volume changes, significantly enhancing battery cycling durability. Thus, the DFEC additive can be considered a partial effective substitute for FEC in the NCM/SiC system.

In the research using lithium iron phosphate/Graphite (LFP/Graphite) pouch cells, a screening process was carried out for various additives, 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (4TP) emerged as a superior passivating additive; when used at a concentration of 1 wt%, it demonstrated outstanding stability under high-temperature cycling conditions at 60°C. Although the 4TP additive did not result in a decrease in the battery’s direct current internal resistance (DCIR) relative to vinylene carbonate (VC), after undergoing 370 cycles, it still managed to maintain the battery’s capacity above 80%, concurrently demonstrating a pronounced enhancement in electrode surface passivation. This improvement led to a reduction in deposit build-up and a marked increase in both the smoothness and uniformity of the electrode surface. Therefore, the 4TP additive can serve as an effective substitute for VC in the LFP/Graphite system.

The second part of this research explores ways of translating laboratory research outcomes into science museum exhibit designs to promote public understanding of scientific knowledge, meet the growing demand for technological literacy, stimulate future material innovations and applications across various sectors, and guide young people toward careers in related fields. In the global science museum domain, introducing advanced material innovation exhibits is an important complement to traditional display systems. This study proposes innovative interactive exhibit designs based on laboratory operations of lithium-ion batteries, offering engaging experiences of battery operation principles and technological innovations. Additionally, the study discusses the application of AI technology in the design domain, constructing a theoretical framework for AI-assisted design and demonstrating through examples the key role and practical value of AI technology in lithium-ion battery exhibit design.

随着全球对清洁能源的需求不断增长，锂离子电池作为存储技术的核心，其 性能优化和未来应用潜能备受瞩目。添加剂的开发在提升电池性能方面发挥着至 关重要的作用，少量的添加剂也可能对锂离子电池性能的一个或多个方面产生显 著影响，同时几乎不影响电解液的粘度和离子导电性。本研究开展了一项跨学科 的研究项目，包括两部分：第一部分专注于新型锂离子电池添加剂的研发，第二部 分则致力于科研成果的沟通与创新展示，以支持科学素养和未来创新潜力。

在镍钴锰酸锂/碳硅 (NCM/SiC) 软包电池的研究中，通过对多种添加剂比较，结 果显示双氟代碳酸乙烯酯 (difluoroethylene carbonate, DFEC) 作为一种高修复型电 解液添加剂，在 3 wt% 添加量下，展现出超越传统氟代碳酸乙烯酯（fluoroethylene carbonate, FEC）的显著循环稳定性优势。常温（25℃）循环测试中，DFEC 添加剂 经过长达 608 次循环后，电池容量仍能保持在 80% 以上，且生成的固体电解质界 面膜质地致密、平滑，有效降低了电极腐蚀和体积变化，显著增强了电池循环耐久 性。因此，DFEC 添加剂在 NCM/SiC 体系中可以作为 FEC 的部分有效替代。

在磷酸铁锂/石墨 (LFP/Graphite) 软包电池实验中，通过对多种添加剂的筛选， 4-三氟甲基苯基硼酸（4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid, 4TP）作为高钝化型添加 剂，在 1 wt% 添加量下，在 60℃ 高温循环条件下表现出了卓越的稳定性。虽然相 对碳酸亚乙烯酯（vinylene carbonate, VC）并没有降低电池的直流内阻，但是 370 次循环后，4TP 添加剂仍能使电池容量保持在 80% 以上，同时显著增强了电极表 面钝化效果，减少了沉积物积累，提升了电极表面的光滑度与均匀性。因此，4TP 添加剂在 LFP/Graphite 体系中可以作为 VC 的有效替代。

第二部分积极探索实验室研究转化为科技馆展品设计的方法，以实现科学知 识的普及，满足公众日益增长的科技认知需求，激发各界对未来材料创新应用的 思考，引导青少年关注并投身相关职业发展。在全球科技馆领域，引入先进的材料 创新成果是对传统展示体系的重要补充。本研究创新性地提出了基于锂离子电池 实验室实际操作的交互式展品设计思路，生动展现电池工作原理及技术创新。同 时，本课题还探讨了 AI 技术在设计领域的应用创新，构建了 AI 辅助设计的理论 框架，并通过实例论证了其在锂离子电池展品设计中的关键作用和实际价值。

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