电驱动废水中氮磷回收与抗生素同步降解的机制研究

面对日益加剧的磷资源危机和水体氮（N）磷（P）污染，回收废水中的氮磷不仅可以有效减缓资源短缺现状，同时保护水生态环境。在众多氮磷污染源中，禽畜废水因含有丰富养分，十分适合进行氮磷资源回收。此外，抗生素被广泛用于畜牧养殖，随动物代谢进入禽畜废水。通过化学鸟粪石沉淀法（CSP）从畜禽废水中回收氮磷得到的产品往往会掺杂大量抗生素。使用此类产品会引起抗生素及抗性基因在食物链中传播，威胁生态健康。在磷回收技术的发展中，电驱动鸟粪石沉淀法因无需调节pH、无需添加碱性试剂等优势被认为是十分有前景的方法，然而，抗生素在电驱动系统中的迁移转化机制鲜有研究。综上，本研究探究典型抗生素（磺胺嘧啶，SD）在电驱动鸟粪石沉淀系统中的迁移转化机制，阐明电化学参数及共存离子对系统处理效果的影响，并从微观作用力及流体传质的角度分析粒子的行为。最后，我们发展了优化的电驱动系统，提出了调控抗生素在鸟粪石中富集及同步氮磷回收与抗生素降解的策略。

本研究首先探究SD在亚氧化钛阳极系统（EMSP-Ti₄O₇）进行鸟粪石沉淀时的迁移转化机制。结果表明该系统通过惰性阳极表面产生的羟基自由基可氧化降解85.0%的SD，高于CSP系统吸附去除的SD（20.0%），且调节电化学参数可将SD的降解提高至100.0%。然而，EMSP-Ti₄O₇系统的磷回收速率较低（0.18 mg P/min）。随后，我们在镁阳极系统（EMSP-Mg）的研究中发现，该系统因阳极快速释放Mg²⁺，且溶液pH升高，在溶液和电极表面同时发生鸟粪石的均相或非均相沉淀，使磷回收速率得到提高（1.18 mg P/min）。然而，该系统无 OH生成，仅通过吸附作用去除5.0%的SD。最后，结合EMSP-Ti₄O₇系统高SD降解率及EMSP-Mg系统高磷回收速率的优势，我们构建了双阳极系统处理模拟废水。结果表明该系统可实现氮磷回收及抗生素同步降解，磷回收率和SD降解率通过调节电流强度可分别达到100.0%和93.0%。此外，我们还可通过分步进行氧化与沉淀以减少抗生素在回收产物上的富集，从而回收清洁产品，降低抗生素带来的环境健康风险，助力生态环境可持续发展。

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