信息优势在网络产品双寡头竞争中的策略性运用

电子平台和信息技术的发展使得公司之间的竞争更加复杂，一方面消费者越 来越青睐网络效应强的产品，这使得具有信息优势的商家有动机通过数据分析获 取顾客的支付意愿，另一方面数据泄漏使得顾客越来越重视隐私，涉及隐私管理的 竞争中如何最大化利用信息优势成为企业关注的热点问题。本文基于 Hotelling 模 型建立了网络效应和价格歧视综合影响的双寡头产品竞争，具有信息优势的公司 不仅可以对成功定位的顾客进行价格歧视，还可以对数据挖掘的范围做出保守或 者激进的策略，而缺乏信息的公司只能进行统一定价。我们分别考虑了三级价格 歧视和一级价格歧视中的竞争博弈，这两种情境下，每个公司的统一定价和利润 都随着网络效应的增大而减小，公司的利润差距随着隐私保护力度的增加而缩小。 在三级价格歧视中，具有信息优势的公司只能做出保守策略，加大隐私保护力度 带来总利润的提升。在一级价格歧视中，一定条件下具有信息优势的公司会做出 激进策略，总利润随着隐私保护力度的增加而减少;其他情况下，公司只能做出保 守策略，总利润的变化与网络效应强度和隐私保护力度均有关。由于社会福利始 终保持不变，消费者剩余与总利润的变化趋势相反，这启示我们，隐私保护虽然使 得公司之间的竞争更加公平，但是对消费者剩余的利弊是不确定的。在拓展部分 我们考虑了与数据挖掘范围线性相关的成本，结论与基础模型中的分析基本一致。

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