基于载银聚多巴胺纳米粒改性水凝胶的柔性传感器设计及应用

柔性传感器指由可弯曲、拉伸、扭转的柔性材料制备的传感器，具有 优异的柔韧性和弯曲性。为保证其柔性与导电性，柔性传感器通常由柔性 基底与导电传感材料组成。尽管通过不断优化，一些具有高灵敏度、大应 变和稳定性能的柔性传感器被报道，但对于直接贴合皮肤及植入式柔性传 感器的应用而言，如何在保证器件良好柔性和传感特性基础上，提高器件 的生物相容性或赋予其生物学功能是其应用于生物医学、健康工程等领域 的发展趋势和关键。水凝胶作为一类三维交联高分子材料，因具有优异的 生物相容性特性，引起了柔性可穿戴领域的广泛关注。尽管水凝胶具有可 调的生物活性，但目前报道的水凝胶柔性器件大多存在力学性能不足、灵 敏度和稳定性不佳的问题。尤其是，针对具有生物活性的天然高分子材料， 如何在保证水凝胶器件良好拉伸/压缩性能的基础上，兼具高的灵敏度和响 应稳定性是难点。 综上，本课题提出构建载银聚多巴胺纳米材料复合的壳聚糖基水凝胶 器件：为实现优异的拉伸和抗压性能，合成了甲基丙烯酰化修饰壳聚糖， 利用自由基聚合构建其与丙烯酰胺的共聚交联网络，通过优化材料组成比 例，可获得具有优异力学性能的可拉伸/压缩柔性基底，其最大拉伸与压缩 的断裂强度分别为 12.4 kPa，252.2 kPa；进一步，通过多巴胺纳米颗粒与 硝酸银间原位氧化还原反应，制备了载银聚多巴胺纳米颗粒，通过掺杂载 银纳米粒，有效提升水凝胶器件的传感灵敏度。实验结果表明：本课题所 开发的载银聚多巴胺纳米粒改性水凝胶柔性传感器在 0-65%拉伸下达到 2.64 的灵敏度并具有 0.997 的高线性度；此外，作为压力传感器，在 0- 2.15 kPa 压力下灵敏度为 0.07 kPa -1，线性度可达 0.93，可稳定拉伸压缩 循环 500 次。不仅如此，细胞活性、溶血实验均证明本课题开发的水凝胶 器件具有良好的生物安全性，以及其基于聚多巴胺的高效抗氧化效应，通 过银协同聚多巴胺光热转换效应实现高效抗菌，抗菌率高达 90.19%。

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