热带树木细根残体降解过程及其对微生物群落结构的调控

森林生态系统是陆地重要碳库，在全球气候变化缓解中扮演着关键角色。树木细根残体具有较高的周转率，可部分转化为微生物残体碳，是土壤有机碳的重要来源。然而，目前研究多关注于少量树种细根残体总有机碳或者单一组分的降解过程，对不同树种细根残体中不同碳组分的降解动态及其对微生物群落和残体的影响仍未得到充分研究，限制了对陆地生态系统碳循环的精准预测。而且，大多数的细根降解研究集中在温带森林，热带森林作为对碳循环极为有利的生态区，却缺少相关研究。

本研究以西双版纳热带雨林中40种常见树种的细根位研究对象，表征了其形态与化学性状，开展了为期867天的野外降解实验，测定了细根残体降解过程中不同官能团碳组分以及不同形态酚类物质的变化，计算各化学组分的降解残留百分比。并进一步选取其中33种树种细根位研究对象，开展为期一年的室内微宇宙培养实验，分析不同树种细根添加培养后的土壤微生物群落和微生物残体碳含量的差异，研究其与细根性状的关联。

野外降解实验结果量化了热带多种树种细根碳组分降解速率，构建了降解速率与细根性状的联系。热带树种根系残体降解呈现出先快后慢的趋势，降解速率高于文献中其他气候带的细根降解速率，867天后总有机碳残留百分比为24.6 ± 9.7%。不同官能团碳组分中，降解残留百分比排序为：含氧烷基碳（21.5 ± 9.4%） < 芳香碳（21.6 ± 10.6%） < 羧基羰基碳（27.1 ± 12.9%） < 烷基碳（38.9 ± 13.9%）。可氧化铜氧化酚作为木质素的生物标志物，在降解过程中的残留百分比（19.4 ± 10.3%）小于总体有机碳的残留百分比，表明热带森林细根中的木质素具有较高的可降解性，不属于难降解的惰性组分，酚类化合物通过酯键与烷烃结合成的可碱水解酚的残留百分比为43.6 ± 20.0%，同样表明烷基碳组分的顽抗性高于芳香碳组分。此外，不同树种间，细根初始形态性状比化学性状与碳组分的残留相关性更强，表明细根形态性状是影响细根碳组分降解的关键因素。

室内微宇宙培养实验进一步揭示了不同树种细根输入对土壤微生物群落结构与残体的影响。细根残体输入增加了细菌群落网络的复杂性和群落间的正向关联，降低了真菌群落网络的复杂性和群落间的合作性。细菌相对丰度更多受到细根水溶性化学组分的影响，真菌相对丰度受到细根结构性碳化学组分的影响。细根残体可溶物的光学芳香指数对真菌群落结构呈现着显著正相关，可能与细根中水溶性芳香化合物的化学防御作用有关。此外，细根残体输入增加了土壤微生物残体碳含量，但未显著改变真菌/细菌残体碳比值。不同树种细根的光学芳香指数与真菌残体碳的含量负相关，表明细根水溶芳香性物质对真菌残体碳累积有显著抑制作用。

本研究深化了对热带森林中不同树种细根残体降解动态以及相应机制差异的了解，为理解热带森林生态系统的地下碳循环过程提供了新的视角。

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