波浪载荷作用下铰接超大型浮体极端响应研究

随着对清洁能源需求的快速增长和土地资源的日渐稀缺，漂浮式光伏和海上浮式能源岛等技术得到了快速发展，为超大型浮体技术领域注入了新的活力。在长达数十年的服役周期内，超大型浮体可能会遭遇各类恶劣海况，而目前尚缺乏对其在波浪载荷作用下的极端响应特性的研究。本文建立了基于离散模态振型的时频域水弹性分析方法，以此为基础，提出了一个新型的压力聚焦模型用于模拟浮体和聚焦波的相互作用，并考虑海况的随机特性建立了随机波作用下浮体长期极端响应的迭代流程，对聚焦波和随机波作用下铰接超大型浮体的极端响应进行了研究。主要研究内容及成果如下：

通过对 WAMIT 软件和 Abaqus 软件的二次开发，提出了一种基于模态叠加法的超大型浮体时频域水弹性分析方法。通过改写 WAMIT 软件的子程序使其可以导入外部的离散模态振型，并基于 Python 语言对 Abaqus 软件进行了二次开发，实现了计算与分析流程的自动化；该分析方法可以处理复杂结构的模态分析问题，并能在时域内求解结构的位移和内力等各类响应；通过收敛性分析以及与已有仿真和试验数据的对比，验证了该分析方法的准确性。

根据超大型浮体的结构特点，提出了一个压力聚焦模型，相比于传统的波形聚焦模型可以更好地模拟聚焦波作用下超大型浮体的水弹性响应。基于该压力聚焦模型，研究了聚焦位置、水深和峰值频率等因素对结构位移和截面内力响应的影响。结果表明：聚焦位置对结构响应的影响很小，其只会引起结构迎浪段响应的较小变化；水深和峰值频率会同时影响截面内力响应峰值的出现时间和峰值的大小，但不会影响位移响应峰值的出现时间。

基于有限元法扩展了铰接超大型浮体的建模方法，克服了采用直接法和解析模态函数法处理二维铰接板的建模问题时的缺陷，与已有文献中的仿真和试验结果的对比验证了该建模方法的有效性。通过对一维和二维铰接超大型浮体的模态特性以及在规则波作用下的响应特性的对比研究，给出了铰接结构和波浪周期对结构响应的影响规律。此外，对不同波浪周期和波浪角度下二维铰接超大型浮体的位移和铰接处剪力和扭矩响应进行了进一步研究。

针对含垂直系泊绳的二维铰接超大型浮体，在模态坐标下的系统动力学方程中引入与系泊绳有关的刚度项，建立了系泊二维铰接超大型浮体的水弹性数值模型，与系泊连续板的仿真数据的对比验证了该数值模型的正确性。基于该模型，给出了规则波作用下系泊二维铰接超大型浮体的响应规律，并揭示了垂直系泊绳的作用机理。结合压力聚焦模型，对聚焦波作用下二维铰接超大型浮体的极端响应特性进行了研究。

考虑海况的随机特性，基于逆一次可靠度方法，提出了一个迭代流程用于求解随机波浪作用下系泊二维铰接超大型浮体的长期极端响应。相比于目前普遍采用的短期预报方法，该分析流程可以准确快速地计算超大型浮体在一定重现期内的长期极端响应。采用该分析流程，对铰接处剪力和扭矩的长期极端响应特性进行了研究，为二维铰接超大型浮体的结构设计提供了重要的参考依据。
 

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