基于碳纳米管薄膜的结构设计及其电磁屏蔽性能研究

随着便携式设备和无线通信的迅猛发展，电磁干扰问题已经变得愈发 突出与严重。它不但会干扰电子设备的正常工作和运行，还可能对人类健 康构成威胁。研制高性能电磁屏蔽材料是解决电磁干扰的有效手段。碳纳 米管（CNT）以其卓越的电学和力学性能脱颖而出，逐渐成为电磁屏蔽材 料的理想选择。然而，CNT 宏观组装体中弱的 CNT 管间相互作用以及 CNT 的无序性，导致其电学、力学和电磁屏蔽性能不佳，难以满足要求。基于 以上问题，本文通过原位引入金属颗粒以及构建具有高取向结构的致密 CNT 薄膜来进行结构设计，实现了 CNT 薄膜电学、力学及电磁屏蔽性能的 提升。主要研究内容如下：

开发了一种基于金属有机分解物（MOD）的工艺方法，将银颗粒原位 填充 CNT 薄膜内部，获得了具有强 CNT 管间相互作用的银-碳纳米管（AgCNT）薄膜。Ag-CNT 薄膜（7.8±0.81 μm）的电导率高达（6.82±0.35） ×10 5 S/m，在 3-40 GHz 超宽频段内的屏蔽效能超过 66 dB。Ag 与 CNT 具 有较好的结合力，经过 2000 次对折弯曲后，薄膜的屏蔽效能仍可保持在 62 dB。更为重要的是，Ag 的引入能够有效提升 CNT 薄膜的力学性能，AgCNT 薄膜的拉伸强度提升至 76.06±6.20 MPa；比原始薄膜增加 153%；杨 氏模量达到 8.90±0.97 GPa，提升幅度高达 695%。此外，Ag-CNT 薄膜也 具有出色的近场屏蔽效能，可有效阻断电子设备的无线传输。 通过一种 CNT 取向和致密化协同增强的策略，实现了 CNT 薄膜电学 性能、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能的提升。

采用氯磺酸（CSA）辅助拉伸的 方法，实现了 CNT 的取向度的提高并消除了薄膜内部空隙，制备了具有强 CNT 管间相互作用的取向致密 CNT 薄膜。取向后的 CNT 薄膜表现出各向 异性，在平行于取向方向 CSA-40% CNT 薄膜（7.4±1.3 μm）的电导率大 幅提升至（5.95±0.11）×10 5 S/m，在 8.2-12.4 GHz 的频率范围内的屏蔽效 能达到 69 dB。拉伸强度增加到 109.34±1.93 MPa，提升幅度为 551%；杨 氏模量增加至 0.85±0.21 GPa，提升幅度达到 962%。

The proliferation of portable devices and the development of wireless communication result in an increasingly severe problem of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, which adversely impacts both electronic devices and living beings. Developing high-efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has become an effective way to solve the EM radiation. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is an ideal candidate for fabricating EMI shielding materials due to the excellent electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength. However, the weak tube-tube interaction of CNT makes it difficult to achieve satisfied EMI shielding performance and mechanical strength in their macroscopic assemblies. To solve these problems, introduction of metal particles into the CNT film and construction of densified CNT film with aligned structure are proposed, and the electrical conductivity, mechanical propert y and EMI shielding performance of CNT film are invesgated. The main research contents are summaried as follows:

A novel strategy based on metal-organic decomposition (MOD) is proposed to in-situ introduce silver (Ag) particles into CNT film, which enhances the tube-tube interaction of CNT. The electrical conductivity of Ag-CNT film (7.8±0.81 μm) is up to (6.82±0.35)×10 5 S/m, and the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of Ag-CNT film exceeds 66 dB in the ultra - broad frequency range of 3-40 GHz. It shows strong interaction between Ag and CNT, and the EMI SE of the film can still be maintained at 62 dB after bending for 2000 cycles. Importantly, the introduction of Ag can effectively improve the mechanical propert y of CNT film. The tensile strength of Ag-CNT film is increased to 76.06±6.20 MPa, which is 253% higher than that of CNT film. The Young's modulus increase s to 8.90±0.97 GPa, showing an extraordinary increase of 795%. Moreover, the Ag-CNT film exhibits excellent near-field shielding performance, which can effectively block wireless power transmission of electronic devices.

By employing a synergistic strategy that combines CNT alignment and densification, the electrical conductivity, mechanical property and EMI shielding performance of CNT film are significantly improved. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA)-assisted stretching can improve the CNT alignment and eliminate the inter-tube voids between the tubes, which results in a high alignment and dense CNT film with strong tube-tube interaction. The CSA-40% CNT film (7.4±1.3 μm) exhibits anisotropic conductivity and EMI SE, significantly increasing to (5.95±0.11)×10 5 S/m and 69 dB (8.2-12.4 GHz) in the direction parallel to the alignment, respectively. Moreover, the tensile strength reaches 109.34±1.93 MPa, with an increase of 651%. Young's modulus is increased to 0.85±0.21 GPa, which is 1062% higher than that of CNT film.

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