Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants

Gong, Xiaohua1,2,3; Peng, Ling2,3; Wang, Fuxiang2,3; Liu, Jiexiang1,4; Tang, Yimin2,3; Peng, Yun1,2,3; Niu, Shiyu1,2; Yin, Juzhen1,2; Guo, Liping2,3; Lu, Hongzhou1,2,3; Liu, Yingxia1,2,3; Yang, Yang1,2,3

2024-07-01

10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106208

JOURNAL OF INFECTION   影响因子和分区

0163-4453

1532-2742

Objective: Similar with influenza virus, antigenic drift is highly relevant to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and immune imprinting has been found to limit the performance of updated vaccines based on the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate whether repeated exposure to Omicron variant could reduce the immune imprinting from previous vaccination.
Methods: A total of 194 participants with different status of vaccination (unvaccinated, regular vaccination and booster vaccination) confirmed for first infection and re-infection with BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants were enrolled, and the neutralizing profiles against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron sub-variants were analyzed.
Results: Neutralizing potency against the corresponding infected variant is significantly hampered along with the doses of vaccination during first infection. However, for the participants with first infection of BA.5/BF.7 variants and re-infection of XBB variant, immune imprinting was obviously alleviated, indicated as significantly increased ratio of the corresponding infected variant/WT ID50 titers and higher percentage of samples with high neutralizing activities (ID50 > 500) against BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants. Moreover, repeated Omicron infection could induce strong neutralizing potency with broad neutralizing profiles against a series of other Omicron sub-variants, both in the vaccine naive and vaccine experienced individuals.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from vaccination with WT SARS-CoV-2 and induces broad neutralizing profiles against Omicron sub-variants.
(c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

SARS-CoV-2 Immune imprinting Repeated infection Omicron Broad neutralizing

SCI

英语

第一 ; 通讯

National Science and Technology Major Project[2021YFC2301805] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[82371783] ; Shenzhen Science and Technology Program["JSGG20220226085800001","JSGG20220226090203006"] ; Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases[LCYSSQ20220823091203007] ; Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund[23250G1001]

Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases

WOS:001262580900001

W B SAUNDERS CO LTD

IMMUNOLOGY

Web of Science

1.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Clin Res Ctr Infect Dis, Shenzhen Key Lab Pathogen & Immun, State Key Discipline Infect Dis,Shenzhen Peoples H, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
2.Guangdong Key Lab Diag & Treatment Emerging Infect, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
3.Natl Clin Res Ctr Infect Dis, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
4.Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Shenzhen Clin Sch Med, Guangzhou, Peoples R China

Gong, Xiaohua,Peng, Ling,Wang, Fuxiang,et al. Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants[J]. JOURNAL OF INFECTION,2024,89(1).

Gong, Xiaohua.,Peng, Ling.,Wang, Fuxiang.,Liu, Jiexiang.,Tang, Yimin.,...&Yang, Yang.(2024).Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants.JOURNAL OF INFECTION,89(1).

Gong, Xiaohua,et al."Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants".JOURNAL OF INFECTION 89.1(2024).