Heterostructured Metallic Structural Materials: Research Methods, Properties, and Future Perspectives

Heterostructured (HS) materials, characterized by heterogeneous zones with differences in mechanical or physical properties, represent a revolutionary advancement in material science. During deformation, hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) stress forms due to the synergistic interactions between soft and hard zones, leading to remarkable HDI strengthening and strain hardening. This mechanism significantly enhances their performance, surpassing that of traditional homogeneous materials. This review delves into the classification, preparation techniques, fundamental deformation mechanisms, and research methods of HS materials. It outlines the preparation methods of various HS materials, emphasizing their unique characteristics and applications. The review elaborates on the fundamental deformation mechanisms of HS materials, focusing on non-uniform plastic deformation behavior and HDI strain hardening. Furthermore, it explores the application of heterogeneous design concepts in materials, analyzing their microstructure tuning mechanisms and mechanical properties. This review aims to serve as a critical reference for the future design and development of new HS metallic structural materials, paving the way for innovations that can transform multiple industries. By highlighting the long-term impact, this review not only enhances the understanding of HS materials but also provides a roadmap for future research and industrial applications, positioning HS materials as key players in the advancement of material technology.