Combining statistical and hydrodynamic models to assess compound flood hazards from rainfall and storm surge: a case study of Shanghai

Xu, Hanqing1,2,7,8; Ragno, Elisa3; Jonkman, Sebastiaan N.3; Wang, Jun2,7; Bricker, Jeremy D.3,5; Tian, Zhan4; Sun, Laixiang6

2024-08-27

10.5194/hess-28-3919-2024

HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES   影响因子和分区

1027-5606

1607-7938

Coastal regions have experienced significant environmental changes and increased vulnerability to floods caused by the combined effect of multiple flood drivers such as storm surge, heavy rainfall and river discharge, i.e., compound floods. Hence, for a sustainable development of coastal cities, it is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and future trends of compound flood hazard. While the statistical dependence between flood drivers, i.e., rainfall and storm surges, has been extensively studied, the sensitivity of the inundated areas to the relative timing of a driver's individual peaks is less understood and location dependent. To fill this gap, here we propose a framework combining a statistical dependence model for compound event definition and a hydrodynamic model to assess inundation maps of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall during typhoon season in Shanghai. First, we determine the severity of the joint design event, i.e., peak surge and precipitation, based on the copula model. Second, we use the same frequency amplification (SFA) method to transform the design event values in hourly time series so that they represent boundary conditions to force hydrodynamic models. Third, we assess the sensitivity of inundation maps to the time lag between storm surge peak and rainfall. Finally, we define flood zones based on the primary flood driver, and we delineate flood zones under the worst compound flood scenario. The study highlights that the temporal delay between storm surge and rainfall plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of flooding events. More specifically, that the peak rainfall occurs 2 h before the peak storm surge would cause the deepest average cumulative inundation depth. At the same time, the results show that in Shanghai surge is the primary flood driver. High storm surge at the eastern part of the city (Wusongkou tidal gauge) propagates upstream in the Huangpu River, resulting in fluvial flooding in Shanghai city center and several surrounding districts. This calls for a better fluvial flooding control system hinging on the backwater effect during high surge in the upper and middle Huangpu River and in the newly added urbanized areas to ensure flood resilience. The proposed framework is useful to evaluate and predict flood hazard in coastal cities, and the results can provide guidance for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.

SCI

英语

通讯

China National Key RD Program[2019YFEQ124800] ; National Natural Science Foundation in China["42371088","42401087"] ; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[2023M731091] ; Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF[GZB20230217] ; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration[SHUES2023B02] ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control[2023B1212060002]

Geology ; Water Resources

Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Water Resources

WOS:001297992700001

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH

Web of Science

1.East China Normal Univ, Inst Ecochongming IEC, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China
2.East China Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China
3.Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands
4.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Soil & Groundwater Pollut C, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
5.Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
6.Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD USA
7.East China Normal Univ, Inst Natl Safety & Emergency Management, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China
8.East China Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China

Xu, Hanqing,Ragno, Elisa,Jonkman, Sebastiaan N.,et al. Combining statistical and hydrodynamic models to assess compound flood hazards from rainfall and storm surge: a case study of Shanghai[J]. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES,2024,28(16).

Xu, Hanqing.,Ragno, Elisa.,Jonkman, Sebastiaan N..,Wang, Jun.,Bricker, Jeremy D..,...&Sun, Laixiang.(2024).Combining statistical and hydrodynamic models to assess compound flood hazards from rainfall and storm surge: a case study of Shanghai.HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES,28(16).

Xu, Hanqing,et al."Combining statistical and hydrodynamic models to assess compound flood hazards from rainfall and storm surge: a case study of Shanghai".HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 28.16(2024).